PDRN Aesthetic Skin Treatments

PDRN Aesthetic Skin Treatments

PDRN Skin Treatment, What Is It?

Nowadays, aesthetic medicine clinics have been utilizing Salmon DNA (PDRN) injections in their treatments. A usual application is through mesotherapy for anti-aging, resulting in enhanced skin texture, decreased volume loss, reduced appearance of scars, decreased pigmentation, minimized pores, and notable improvement of skin hydration.

Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN), has many beneficial effects on the skin, mainly for tissue repair, anti-ischemic and anti-inflammatory purposes. Its powerful therapeutic properties could lead to possible applications in regenerative medicine and treating diabetic foot ulcers.

What is Salmon DNA and PDRN?

Oncorhynchus mykiss (salmon trout) and Oncorhynchus keta (chum salmon) sperm DNA mixtures are processed in a controlled washing and sterilization process to obtain Salmon DNA - also known as polydeoxyribonucleotides (PDRN) - with a molecular weight of 50-1500 kDa. This process eliminates any active proteins or peptides that could possibly trigger an immune response, making the PDRN safe for use without risk.

Why Salmon Sperm DNA?

Have you ever pondered why salmon sperm cells are utilized in PDRN production, as opposed to other cells in the human body? Salmon sperm encapsulate DNA which is almost ninety-five percent analogous to human DNA, the same DNA is utilized to generate PDRNs. Furthermore, somatic cells (cells that are not sperm or oocytes) present a high hazard of contamination with proteins, peptides, and lipids during concluding preparation. On the other side, sperm cells that are extracted and processed with high temperature pose no such peril, rendering them a perfect source material for PDRN.

PDRN is an ideal choice for:

a. Addressing poor healing from acne scars and blemishes.
b. Addressing skin discoloration due to pigmentation or aging.
c. Treating age-related changes such as dullness, dryness, roughness, and fine lines.

What is the mechanism of action of PDRN?

Salmon DNA is known to possess two principal capabilities:

1. It attaches to the adenosine A2A receptor, and
2. It triggers existing DNA retrieval or repair methods.

PDRN, unique to salmon DNA, differs from other molecules since it is not metabolized by the liver and is attacked by the enzyme DNA nuclease. This enzyme breaks apart DNA molecules into smaller components, nucleotides and nucleosides. The former are the fundamental building blocks of DNA and RNA, while the latter are precursors, with their own biological activity.

They bind to adenosine receptor A2A, initiating a series of events involved in the control of inflammation, oxygen consumption, ischemia, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis.

Degradation of PDRN results in the production of nucleotides, enabling the utilization of the “escape pathway”. This method enables the repair of existing DNA instead of synthesis from the beginning, which is particularly useful for damaged or hypoxic cells that are unable to build new DNA. The effect of this is the acceleration of tissue regeneration and healing.

How does Salmon DNA affect the skin?

Research on Salmon DNA (PDRN) has explored how it can affect skin cells in vitro and in vivo. Studies on fibroblasts (skin cells that create collagen, hyaluronic acid, and elastin) indicated that PDRN was able to increase their proliferation. At the same time, Salmon DNA was found to boost osteocyte (bone cell) and chondrocyte (cartilage cell) activity and metabolism, reducing deterioration and supporting regeneration. Additionally, it has proven to be capable of preventing the production of melanin by blocking tyrosinase activity.

Furthermore, Salmon DNA has been found to guard against UV-induced DNA damage thanks to its participation in repair pathways, allowing for DNA repair processes. Moreover, it is believed to revitalize wound re-epithelialization and cut healing time by way of angiogenesis (formation of new blood vessels). These vessels better supply oxygen and nutrients to wounds and damaged tissues, thereby helping with tissue regeneration. In animal studies, PDRN has been notable for lessening inflammatory markers, mitigating damage and safeguarding tissue in conditions such as arthritis, colitis and periodontitis.

Aside from this, Salmon DNA has been studied in an ischemic setting, with its results being demonstrated to defend tissues from harm, lower inflammation and impede reperfusion injury. Currently, human evidence is yet to be seen; however, based on existing data, Salmon DNA has been known to potentially regenerate tissue and expedite healing when applied to medical conditions like diabetic foot ailments, surgical skin grafts, bedsores, osteoarthritis, plantar fasciitis, corneal epithelial regeneration, rotator cuff disease and lichen sclerosis.

PDRN Skin Repair and Regeneration Therapy has two main benefits which are skin healing effects and anti-aging effects.

Skin healing effects include promoting intensive regeneration of the skin, reducing the appearance of acne scars and stretch marks, and reducing the size of pores.

Anti-aging effects include diminishing wrinkles, fine lines and pores, promoting cell regeneration and new cell growth, promoting collagen production, and improving skin elasticity and moisture retention.

How is PDRN injection performed?

Following facial cleansing, a thin coating of numbing cream is spread over the area. After the anesthetic has set in, the doctor injects a modest quantity of PDRN under the skin in a specific spot on the face using a carefully chosen needle (usually 32-34G).

PDRN injections are widely praised for their ability to help promote the synthesis of important dermal matrix components, such as collagen and elastin, while preventing their breakdown. Additionally, the injections may suppress pigmentation by inhibiting the activity of tyrosinase that helps produce melanin.

Furthermore, PDRN injections have anti-inflammatory and protective action against active oxygen - commonly referred to as free radicals - and reduce damage to skin cells, proteins, and DNA. As a result, these injections come with a strong anti-aging effect, repairing tissue damage caused by DNA and hypoxia, as well as restoring normal cell growth and proliferation.

Other potential uses of PDRN injections include being used before minimally invasive cosmetic procedures, such as laser treatment, to reduce healing time, limit scarring, and improve outcome, while also preparing the skin prior to surgery.

Moreover, the injections appear to be effective in combating hair loss and promoting hair growth, however, further extensive research is necessary to ascertain this claim.

How long does it take to see results from PDRN cosmetic treatments and how often should I go for PDRN treatments?

After the beginning treatment, effects can generally start to be observed 3 to 4 weeks later. Not to mention, anti-aging results take time to show, owing to the cells needing sufficient time to fix and rejuvenate. Besides, one should see their skin's physical features change, including pores becoming less visible. Additionally, skin becomes stimulated to sweep away small wrinkles and lines, as well as diminishing other tell-tale signs of aging. On top of that, with time, skin's elasticity should start to increase, thus providing a firmer and tighter look to one's complexion.

Owing to its short lifetime, PDRN needs to be administered several times in order to observe any changes. As a rule of thumb, it is best to have at least three or four treatments with an interval of two to four weeks until the desired outcome is reached. Subsequently, maintenance treatments twice a year are suggested to be able to maintain results.

PDRN in skin care products as an anti-aging ingredient.

To maximize efficacy and formulation effectiveness of Salmon DNA in skin care products, it is necessary for it to penetrate the stratum corneum, the outer layer of skin, and reach the cells where it can deliver its action.

Unfortunately, the molecules that comprise PDRN are 100-300 times larger and have greater hydrophilicity than other substances known to pass through the skin barrier, making penetration even more challenging. Considering this, derma rolling or micro needling can be used as a preparatory step prior to topical administration of PDRN to create bumps and microchannel that can help with smaller polynucleotides of around 50 kDa passing through.

Other methods such as iontophoresis and radiofrequency may improve PDRN penetration and dividing the PDRN into smaller pieces may help in terms of delivering pathways, although it may not be as effective. Studies show PDRN molecules with sizes between 50 and 150 KDa are more effective than those that are smaller than 50 KDa and larger than 150 KDa.

Complications and Side Effects of PDRN Therapy

With no toxicity to the brain, muscle, liver, heart, or lungs and no immune response, PDRN therapy has been observed to be well tolerated.

Most subjects may experience some discomfort, bruising, and itching at the injection site, though this is a common outcome of any injection-based therapy, and typically resolves on its own within the week without any medical attention.

Problems with PDRN Therapy

The difficulty with applying PDRN, particularly in cosmetic medicine, is that the research studies in humans have only included a small sample, mostly funded or sponsored by the PDRN manufacturer, and not set up to produce successful outcomes.

Moreover, PDRN has a short in-body duration, necessitating recurrent injections to achieve desirable results. This indicates that regular treatment sessions over a few months might be the key to achieving optimum and notable results.

Additional Resources:
1. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2096691122000723
2. https://www.clinicrx.com.my/services/descriptions/pdrn/